PGDBA 2023 Question Paper | PGDBA VA RC
PGDBA Question Paper | PGDBA Previous Year Paper
The best way to improve your VARC skill is Reading. Read tons of stuff from Bharath's Curated Reading list and get a wonderful VARC score.
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PGDBA 2023 Question Paper VA RC
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) below, when properly sequenced, would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer:
1. Then, when he spoke, he did not explicitly reject the result, though he did not concede, either.
2. For months, he had insinuated that Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, his rival, could only win if it was rigged.
3. When Lula won by a mere 1.8 per cent points, many people expected Mr. Bolsonaro to contest the result.
4. When Jair Bolsonaro lost his bid for re-election on October 30 he said nothing for 44 hours.
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PGDBA 2023 Question Paper VA RC
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) below, when properly sequenced, would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer:
1. The technocracy of professional sport has managed to impose a soccer of lightning speed and brute strength, a soccer that negates joy, kills fantasy, and outlaws daring.
2. Luckily, on the field you can still see, even if only once in a long while, some insolent rascal who sets aside the script and commits the blunder of dribbling past the entire opposing side, the referee, and the crowd in the stands, all for the carnal delight of embracing the forbidden adventure of freedom.
3. Play has become spectacle, with few protagonists and many spectators, soccer for watching.
4. And that spectacle has become one of the most profitable businesses in the world, organized not to facilitate play but to impede it.
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PGDBA 2023 Question Paper VA RC
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) below, when properly sequenced, would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer:
1. For example, the 2008-2009 U.S. recession triggered by the bursting of the subprime mortgage bubble was extremely severe.
2. However, while the economic downturn that technically began in December 2007 and ended in June 2009 was the longest in the U.S. since World War II, it only lasted about 18 months.
3. The major difference between a recession and a depression is that a depression is much more severe and long-lasting.
4. The U.S. unemployment rate nearly doubled from about 5% to 9.5% and the S&P 500 dropped by more than 50% from peak to trough.
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PGDBA 2023 Question Paper VA RC
Pick up the best possible option to fill in the blanks: Arriving late for the interview ___________ my chances of getting the job.
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PGDBA 2023 Question Paper VA RC
Pick up the best possible option to fill in the blanks: In case of any discrepancy, please _____ to us by email.
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PGDBA 2023 Question Paper VA RC
In the examples of defensive mechanism exhibited by animals given below, which is the odd one out?
- Stick insects pretending to be twigs
- Bats mimicking angry bees, wasps and hornets
- Hawk-moth caterpillars resembling venomous snakes
- Edible heliconid butterflies disguising themselves with the wing patterns
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PGDBA 2023 Question Paper VA RC
From the passage it can be inferred that the species Hymenoptera use the following mechanism for defence:
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PGDBA 2023 Question Paper VA RC
Which of the following outcomes of his experiments would have disproved Mr. Danilo Russo’s hypothesis that mimicry was a defensive mechanism?
- If the owls had moved further away from speakers on hearing buzzing sounds.
- If the owls moved further away from speakers on hearing non-buzzing sounds.
- If the owls had moved closer to the speakers on hearing buzzing sounds.
- If the owls had remained stationary on hearing non-buzzing sounds.
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PGDBA 2023 Question Paper VA RC
From the passage it can be inferred that the following animal/bird would not be able to use acoustic mimicry as a defensive mechanism.
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PGDBA 2023 Question Paper VA RC
Which of the following mechanisms to prevent robbery would be the best example of human beings using mimicry as a defence mechanism?
- People leaving lights around the fences on at night when the house is unoccupied
- Installation of a sound alarm system in the house to alert neighbours in case of a break-in.
- Installation of CCTV surveillance systems.
- Using an audio system to play recording of conversations when the house is unoccupied.
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PGDBA 2023 Question Paper VA RC
Why is the ‘art of storytelling’ coming to an end?
- We are unable to exchange experiences.
- We now observe everything from a distance.
- There is no immediacy in storytelling anymore.
- The distance and angle of vision for experiential reality has changed.
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PGDBA 2023 Question Paper VA RC
What is the difference between the novel and the story?
- The printing press.
- The novelist and the storyteller.
- Perplexity of meaning.
- The trade of the novel.
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PGDBA 2023 Question Paper VA RC
It can be inferred from the passage that:
- The Bildungsroman is an inadequate novel.
- The Bildungsroman is a type of a novel.
- Wilhelm Meisters Wanderjahre is a Bildungsroman.
- The Bildungsroman is an unstructured novel.
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PGDBA 2023 Question Paper VA RC
What does the author mean by ‘frangible justification’ in the passage?
- Social processes do not play a role in the development of individuals.
- In reality, the integration of social process and personal development in a coherent order does not provide counsel.
- The order of social process and personal development needs to be reversed for a novel to offer counsel.
- Opposition to reality is an aspect of the Bildungsroman.
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PGDBA 2023 Question Paper VA RC
What does the author mean by, “Even the first great book of the genre, Don Quixote, teaches how the spiritual greatness, the boldness, the helpfulness of one of the noblest of men, Don Quixote, are completely devoid of counsel and do not contain the slightest scintilla of wisdom.”
- The novel is an individualistic genre.
- The novelist is isolated.
- The tales of the storyteller are more relatable.
- The novel gives evidence of the profound perplexity of living.
In the animal kingdom, mimics are a dime a dozen. Stick insects pretend to be twigs. Hawk-moth caterpillars resemble venomous snakes. Edible heliconid butterflies disguise themselves with the wing patterns of noxious ones, and noxious ones copy each other to make it easier for predators to learn what not to eat. All these examples, though, are visual. Auditory mimicry is rarer. But, as he describes in Current Biology, Danilo Russo of the University of Naples Federico II thinks he has found a novel case of it. Some bats, he believes, mimic angry bees, wasps and hornets in order to scare away owls that might otherwise eat them. Dr Russo first noticed the propensity of greater mouse-eared bats to buzz a few years ago, when he was collecting them...to study their ecology. The noise struck him as similar to the sound of hornets that inhabited the area of southern Italy he was working in. That led him to wonder whether bat buzzing was a form of mimicry which helped its practitioners to scare off would-be predators. To test this idea, he... and a colleague...first recorded the buzzing that captured bats made when handled. Then, having donned suitable protective clothing, they embarked on the more dangerous task of recording the buzzing made, en masse, by four different species of Hymenoptera: European paper wasps; buff-tailed bumblebees; European hornets; and domestic honeybees.... For the next part of their experiment Dr Russo and Dr Ancillotto recruited the services of 16 captive owls—eight barn and eight tawny. Both of these species are known to hunt bats. The researchers put the owls, one at a time, in an enclosure equipped with branches for them to perch on, and also two boxes with holes in them. The boxes resembled the sorts of cavities in trees that owls would explore in the wild for food. They placed a loudspeaker alongside one of the boxes and, after the birds had settled in, broadcast through it five seconds of uninterrupted bat buzzing and a similar amount of insect buzzing three times in a row for each noise. As a control, they broadcast in like manner several non-buzzing sounds made by bats. During the broadcasts (which occurred in random order) and for five minutes thereafter, they videoed the owls. The videos were then analysed, by an independent observer, without benefit of their soundtracks. The results were unequivocal. When they heard both the bat buzzings and the hornet buzzings the owls moved as far from the speakers as they could manage. In contrast, when the non-buzzing bat sounds were played, they crept closer. Dr Russo and Dr Ancillotto believe this is the first reported case of a mammal using acoustic mimicry to scare away a predator. They strongly suspect, however, that it is not unique. Anecdotes suggest several birds and also small mammals, such as dormice—particularly species that dwell in trees and, like dormice, in rock cavities—make buzzing noises when their hidey-holes are disturbed. This has not yet been documented formally as acoustic mimicry. But, given the propensity for venomous buzzing insects to dwell in those sorts of places too, and also the fear that these insects generate in other species, human beings included, Dr Russo thinks this may well be what is going on. He therefore predicts that when these other buzzes are recorded and analysed the results will show that acoustic mimicry by vertebrates of stinging insects is far more widespread than currently realised.
Familiar though his name may be to us, the storyteller in his living immediacy is by no means a present force. He has already become something remote from us and something that is getting even more distant. To present someone like Leskov as a storyteller does not mean bringing him closer to us but, rather, increasing our distance from him. Viewed from a certain distance, the great, simple outlines which define the storyteller stand out in him, or rather, they become visible in him, just as in a rock a human head or an animal’s body may appear to an observer at the proper distance and angle of vision. This distance and this angle of vision are prescribed for us by an experience which we may have almost every day. It teaches us that the art of storytelling is coming to an end. Less and less frequently do we encounter people with the ability to tell a tale properly. More and more often there is embarrassment all around when the wish to hear a story is expressed. It is as if something that seemed inalienable to us, the securest among our possessions, were taken from us: the ability to exchange experiences. The earliest symptom of a process whose end is the decline of storytelling is the rise of the novel at the beginning of modern times. What distinguishes the novel from the story (and from the epic in the narrower sense) is its essential dependence on the book. The dissemination of the novel became possible only with the invention of printing. What can be handed on orally, the wealth of the epic, is of a different kind from what constitutes the stock in trade of the novel. What differentiates the novel from all other forms of prose literature —the fairy tale, the legend, even the novella—is that it neither comes from oral tradition nor goes into it. This distinguishes it from storytelling in particular. The storyteller takes what he tells from experience—his own or that reported by others. And he in turn makes it the experience of those who are listening to his tale. The novelist has isolated himself. The birthplace of the novel is the solitary individual, who is no longer able to express himself by giving examples of his most important concerns, is himself uncounseled, and cannot counsel others. To write a novel means to carry the incommensurable to extremes in the representation of human life. In the midst of life’s fullness, and through the representation of this fullness, the novel gives evidence of the profound perplexity of the living. Even the first great book of the genre, Don Quixote, teaches how the spiritual greatness, the boldness, the helpfulness of one of the noblest of men, Don Quixote, are completely devoid of counsel and do not contain the slightest scintilla of wisdom. If now and then, in the course of the centuries, efforts have been made—most effectively, perhaps, in Wilhelm Meisters Wanderjahre—to implant instruction in the novel, these attempts have always amounted to a modification of the novel form. The Bildungsroman, on the other hand, does not deviate in any way from the basic structure of the novel. By integrating the social process with the development of a person, it bestows the most frangible justification on the order determining it. The legitimacy it provides stands in direct opposition to reality. Particularly in the Bildungsroman, it is this inadequacy that is actualized.
