{"id":15047,"date":"2021-08-25T16:48:49","date_gmt":"2021-08-25T11:18:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/online.2iim.com\/cat-exam\/blogs\/?p=15047"},"modified":"2021-08-25T16:48:51","modified_gmt":"2021-08-25T11:18:51","slug":"how-to-get-better-at-inequalities","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/online.2iim.com\/cat-exam\/blogs\/cat-quantitative-aptitude\/how-to-get-better-at-inequalities\/","title":{"rendered":"How to get better at inequalities"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/online.2iim.com\/cat-exam\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/My-Post-6.png?resize=1024%2C576&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15061\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/online.2iim.com\/cat-exam\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/My-Post-6.png?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/online.2iim.com\/cat-exam\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/My-Post-6.png?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/online.2iim.com\/cat-exam\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/My-Post-6.png?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/online.2iim.com\/cat-exam\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/My-Post-6.png?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/online.2iim.com\/cat-exam\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/My-Post-6.png?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p>While most equations indicate a clear relationship between two statements, inequality problems ask test takers to answer questions based on limited information. And by \u201climited information,\u201d inequality problems merely tell you that one side of the equation is larger (or smaller) than the other.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With that in mind, here are a few tips to help you tackle even the trickiest <a href=\"https:\/\/iim-cat-questions-answers.2iim.com\/quant\/algebra\/inequalities\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">inequality questions on the CAT.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Use your algebra skills to solve inequality<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s easy to forget that inequality questions can be solved using the same rules you would use to solve any problem using the algebra skills you already have in your toolbox.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s take a look at the example below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5 &#8211; 5x > 20<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If we were to simplify this equation under the assumption that the > sign was actually an equal sign, we would use the common denominator of 5 to simplify the equation. While the above example is fairly simple, the message is clear: don\u2019t be afraid to use the algebra skills you used in previous sections to help you solve inequalities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. When multiplying or dividing by a negative, flip the sign<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>While you can solve an inequality using the same pieces as a traditional formula, there is one major exception. When you find yourself multiplying or dividing by a negative on each side, you\u2019ll need to flip the inequality sign.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Although this is typically taught as a rule, it\u2019s important to understand why it\u2019s a rule. If you were looking at a statement that told you x > 5, it\u2019s clear that anything greater than 5 would be true. However, if you were to multiply both sides by -1, you would end up with a number that is less than -5, which illustrates why the sign needs to be flipped.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Be careful when multiplying or dividing if you don&#8217;t know the sign<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"270\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/online.2iim.com\/cat-exam\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/giphy-3.gif?resize=480%2C270&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Be Careful!\" class=\"wp-image-15056\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Although the example above is fairly simple, it\u2019s important to note that you should never reduce an inequality by a variable if you don\u2019t know whether it\u2019s positive or negative. This is important for one reason: without this knowledge, you won\u2019t know if you have to flip the inequality\u2019s sign.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If a statement on the CAT indicates that x\/y > 4, you would typically multiply both sides by y to determine if x > y. However, it\u2019s unclear if y is a positive or negative variable, making it difficult to determine if you need to flip the sign. When you come across statements like these on the CAT, don\u2019t be tempted to multiply by a variable you can\u2019t determine is either positive or negative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Here are a set of 3 interesting CAT level Inequalities questions with detailed solutions for the same<\/em>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Question 1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>How many positive integer values can x take that satisfy the inequality: (x \u2013 8) (x \u2013 10) (x \u2013 12)\u2026\u2026.(x \u2013 100) &lt; 0<\/em>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Solution<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Let us try out a few values to see if that gives us anything.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>When x = 8, 10, 12, \u2026.100<\/em>&nbsp;this goes to zero. So, these cannot be counted.<br><em>When x = 101, 102 or beyond<\/em>, all the terms are positive, so the product will be positive.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Straight-away we are down to numbers 1, 2, 3, \u20267 and then odd numbers from there to 99.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let us substitute<em>\u00a0x =1<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>All the individual terms are negative. There are totally 47 terms in this list (How? Figure that out). Product of 47 negative terms will be negative. So,\u00a0<em>x = 1\u00a0<\/em>works. So will\u00a0<em>x =2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"352\" height=\"352\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/online.2iim.com\/cat-exam\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/solving-1-1.gif?resize=352%2C352&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Keep looking for something new!\" class=\"wp-image-15050\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What else we can latch on to?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Remember, product of an odd number of negative terms is negative; product of even number of negative terms is positive. Now, this idea sets up the rest of the question and is useful when it comes to inequalities questions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When\u00a0<em>x = 9<\/em>, there is one positive terms and 46 negative terms. So, the product will be positive.\u00a0<br>When\u00a0<em>x = 11<\/em>, there are two positive terms and 45 negative terms. So, the product will be negative.\u00a0<br>When\u00a0<em>x = 13<\/em>, there are three positive terms and 44 negative terms. So, the product will be positive and so on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Essentially, alternate odd numbers need to be counted, starting from 11.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So, the numbers that will work for this inequality are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7\u2026and then 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31,\u2026.. and so.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What will be the last term on this list?\u00a099, because when\u00a0<em>x = 99<\/em>, there are 46 positive terms and 1 negative term.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So, we need to figure out how many terms are there in the list 11, 15, 19,\u2026.99. These can be written as:&nbsp;<br>4 * 2&nbsp;+ 3,&nbsp;<br>4 * 3&nbsp;+ 3,&nbsp;<br>4 * 4&nbsp;+ 3<br>\u2026<br>4 * 24&nbsp;+ 3<br><br>A set of 23 terms. So, total number of values = 23&nbsp;+ 7 = 30.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>30 positive integer values of x exist satisfying the condition.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Question 2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"498\" height=\"362\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/online.2iim.com\/cat-exam\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Solving-2.gif?resize=498%2C362&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Challange accepted\" class=\"wp-image-15051\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Find the range of x for which (x + 2) (x + 5) > 40.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Solution<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>First Method<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We can expand and simplify this algebraically as&nbsp;<em>x^2 + 7x + 10 &gt; 40<\/em>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<em>x^2 + 7x \u2013 30 &gt; 0(x + 10) (x -3) &gt; 0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The roots are -10 and +3.<br>=&gt; x should lie outside the roots.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, what is this based on? There is a simple thumb rule for solving quadratic inequality, which is that for any quadratic inequality<em>&nbsp;ax<sup>2<\/sup>+ bx + c &lt; 0,<\/em>&nbsp;factorize it as<em>&nbsp;a(x \u2013 p) ( x \u2013 q) &lt; 0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Whenever a is greater than 0, the above inequality will hold good if x lies between p and q.&nbsp;<br><br><em>a(x \u2013 p) (x \u2013 q)<\/em>&nbsp;will be greater than 0, whenever x does not lie between p and q. In other words x should lie in the range ( -infinity, p) or (q, infinity)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, coming back to the question\u2019s solution:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>(x+10) (x -3) > 0<\/em>\u00a0or,<em>\u00a0x &lt; -10 or x > 3<\/em>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Second Method<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"492\" height=\"203\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/online.2iim.com\/cat-exam\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Solving-3.gif?resize=492%2C203&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Try to solve a question using different method\" class=\"wp-image-15053\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>5 * 8 = 40, -8 * -5 = 40; this essentially means if&nbsp;<em>x + 2 &gt; 5<\/em>&nbsp;this will hold good =&gt;&nbsp;<em>x &gt; 3<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If&nbsp;<em>x+ 2 &lt; -8<\/em>&nbsp;also, this will hold good =&gt;&nbsp;<em>x &lt; -10<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The first method is far more robust.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Question 3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Find the range of x where ||x \u2013 3| \u2013 4| > 3<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Solution<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>If we have an inequality\u00a0<em>|y| > 3<\/em>, this will be satisfied if =>\u00a0<em>y > 3<\/em>\u00a0or<em>\u00a0y &lt; -3<\/em>.<br>Hence, the above inequality simplifies to two inequalities:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1.\u00a0<em>| x \u2013 3| \u2013 4 > 3<\/em>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>| x \u2013 3| \u2013 4 &gt; 3 =&gt;&nbsp;| x \u2013 3 | &gt; 7<\/em><br>&nbsp;<em>x \u2013 3 &gt; 7<\/em>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<em>x \u2013 3 &lt; -7<\/em><br>Or,&nbsp;<em>x &gt; 10<\/em>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<em>x &lt; -4<\/em><br><br>x lies outside of &nbsp;-4 and 10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Or, x can lie in the range ( \u2013 infinity, -4) or ( 10, infinity)<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.&nbsp;<em>|x -3| \u2013 4 &lt; -3<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><em>|x \u2013 3 | \u2013 4 &lt; \u2013 3<\/em><br>=&gt;&nbsp;<em>| x \u2013 3 | &lt; 1<\/em><br>=&gt;&nbsp;<em>-1 &lt; x \u2013 3 &lt; 1<\/em>&nbsp;or x lies between 2 and 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The\u00a0<em>final solution is given by the range( \u2013 infinity, -4) or (2,4) or ( 10, infinity)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Best wishes for CAT!!<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.quora.com\/profile\/Rajesh-Balasubramanian-8\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Rajesh Balasubramanian<\/em><\/a><em>\u00a0takes the CAT every year and is a 4-time CAT 100 percentiler.\u00a0He likes few things more than teaching Math and insists to this day that he is a better teacher than exam-taker.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Abhishek Mukherjee works for\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/online.2iim.com\/cat-exam-preparation-online-cat-coaching.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2IIM<\/a>. Apart from solving interesting math questions he likes to eat biriyani and watch movies.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>While most equations indicate a clear relationship between two statements, inequality problems ask test takers to answer questions based on limited information. With that in mind, here are a few tips to help you tackle even the trickiest inequality questions on the CAT.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15061,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false},"categories":[491,8,2],"tags":[28,29,83,235,478,24,27,62,212,514],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How to get better at inequalities - 2IIM CAT Preparation Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"While most equations indicate a clear relationship between two statements, inequality problems ask test takers to answer questions based on limited information. 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