CAT 2017 Question Paper | Verbal Slot 2

CAT Questions

One of the crucial elements of your online preparation for CAT is solving questions. What better than starting right with CAT previous year paper and understanding the pattern and difficulty level of questions ? Kickstart your CAT preparation online with CAT 2017 question paper from Slot 2 and work towards nailing your CAT Question Paper for this year.
Go ahead and solve the below Reading Comprehension question. To find more Reading Comprehension questions visit 2IIM's Question Bank.

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During the frigid season... it's often necessary to nestle under a blanket to try to stay warm. The temperature difference between the blanket and the air outside is so palpable that we often have trouble leaving our warm refuge. Many plants and animals similarly hunker down, relying on snow cover for safety from winter's harsh conditions. The small area between the snowpack and the ground, called the subnivium... might be the most important ecosystem that you have never heard of.

The subnivium is so well-insulated and stable that its temperature holds steady at around 32 degree Fahrenheit (0 degree Celsius). Although that might still sound cold, a constant temperature of 32 degree Fahrenheit can often be 30 to 40 degrees warmer than the air temperature during the peak of winter. Because of this large temperature difference, a wide variety of species...depend on the subnivium for winter protection.

For many organisms living in temperate and Arctic regions, the difference between being under the snow or outside it is a matter of life and death. Consequently, disruptions to the subnivium brought about by climate change will affect everything from population dynamics to nutrient cycling through the ecosystem.

The formation and stability of the subnivium requires more than a few flurries. Winter ecologists have suggested that eight inches of snow is necessary to develop a stable layer of insulation. Depth is not the only factor, however. More accurately, the stability of the subnivium depends on the interaction between snow depth and snow density. Imagine being under a stack of blankets that are all flattened and pressed together. When compressed, the blankets essentially form one compacted layer. In contrast, when they are lightly placed on top of one another, their insulative capacity increases because the air pockets between them trap heat. Greater depths of low-density snow are therefore better at insulating the ground.

Both depth and density of snow are sensitive to temperature. Scientists are now beginning to explore how climate change will affect the subnivium, as well as the species that depend on it. At first glance, warmer winters seem beneficial for species that have difficulty surviving subzero temperatures; however, as with most ecological phenomena, the consequences are not so straightforward. Research has shown that the snow season (the period when snow is more likely than rain) has become shorter since l970. When rain falls on snow, it increases the density of the snow and reduces its insulative capacity. Therefore, even though winters are expected to become warmer overall from future climate change, the subnivium will tend to become colder and more variable with less protection from the above-ground temperatures.

The effects of a colder subnivium are complex... For example, shrubs such as crowberry and alpine azalea that grow along the forest floor tend to block the wind and so retain higher depths of snow around them. This captured snow helps to keep soils insulated and in turn increases plant decomposition and nutrient release. In field experiments, researchers removed a portion. of the snow cover to investigate the importance of the subnivium's insulation. They found that soil frost in the snow-free area resulted in damage to plant roots and sometimes even the death of the plant.

Question 1 : The purpose of this passage is to

1. introduce readers to a relatively unknown ecosystem: the subnivium.
2. explain how the subnivium works to provide shelter and food to several species.
3. outline the effects of climate change on the subnivium.
4. draw an analogy between the effect of blankets on humans and of snow cover on species living in the subnivium.

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Video Explanation

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Explanatory Answer

The main idea of the passage is that disruptions to the subnivium brought about by climate change will affect everything from population dynamics to nutrient cycling through the ecosystem. Option 3 is the only one that mentions climate change.

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The question is " The purpose of this passage is to"

Hence, the answer is outline the effects of climate change on the subnivium.

Choice C is the correct answer.