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Read the following passage and answer the THREE questions that
follow.
Recently a team of social scientists launched an
experiment to test
that hypothesis. They recruited 1,500 entrepreneurs in West Africa—a mix of
women and men in
their 30s, 40s, and 50s—who were running small startups in manufacturing,
service, and
commerce. They randomly assigned the founders to one of three groups. One was
a control
group: they went about their business as usual. The other two were training
groups: they
spent a week learning new concepts, analyzing them in case studies of other
entrepreneurs,
and applying them to their own startups through role-play and reflection
exercises. What
differed was whether the training focused on cognitive skills or character
skills. In
cognitive skills training, the founders took an accredited business course
created by the
International Finance Corporation. They studied finance, accounting, HR,
marketing, and
pricing, and practiced using what they learned to solve challenges and seize
opportunities.
In character skills training, the founders attended a class designed by
psychologists to
teach personal initiative. They studied proactivity, discipline, and
determination, and
practiced putting those qualities into action. Character skills training had a
dramatic
impact. After founders had spent merely five days working on these skills,
their firms’
profits grew by an average of 30 percent over the next two years. That was
nearly triple the
benefit of training in cognitive skills. Finance and marketing knowledge might
have equipped
founders to capitalize on opportunities, but studying proactivity and
discipline enabled
them to generate opportunities. They learned to anticipate market changes
rather than react
to them. They developed more creative ideas and introduced more new products.
When they
encountered financial obstacles, instead of giving up, they were more
resilient and
resourceful in seeking loans. Along with demonstrating that character skills
can propel us
to achieve greater things, this evidence reveals that it’s never too late to
build
them…Character doesn’t set like plaster—it retains its plasticity. Character
is often
confused with personality, but they’re not the same. Personality is your
predisposition—your
basic instincts for how to think, feel, and act. Character is your capacity to
prioritize
your values over your instincts. Knowing your principles doesn’t necessarily
mean you know
how to practice them, particularly under stress or pressure. It’s easy to be
proactive and
determined when things are going well. The true test of character is whether
you manage to
stand by those values when the deck is stacked against you. If personality is
how you
respond on a typical day, character is how you show up on a hard day.
Personality is not
your destiny—it’s your tendency. Character skills enable you to transcend that
tendency to
be true to your principles. It’s not about the traits you have—it’s what you
decide to do
with them. Wherever you are today, there’s no reason why you can’t grow your
character
skills starting now.
Which of the following can be BEST inferred from the passage?
Coming Soon...
Choice E is the correct answer.
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