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The passage below is accompanied by four questions. Based on the passage,
choose the best answer for each question.
Fears of artificial intelligence (AI)
have haunted humanity since the very beginning of the computer age. Hitherto these fears
focused on machines using physical means to kill, enslave or replace people. But over the
past couple of years new AI tools have emerged that threaten the survival of human
civilisation from an unexpected direction. AI has gained some remarkable abilities to
manipulate and generate language, whether with words, sounds or images. AI has thereby
hacked the operating system of our civilisation.
Language is the stuff almost all
human culture is made of. Human rights, for example, aren't inscribed in our DNA. Rather,
they are cultural artefacts we created by telling stories and writing laws. Gods aren't
physical realities. Rather, they are cultural artefacts we created by inventing myths and
writing scriptures….What would happen once a non-human intelligence becomes better than the
average human at telling stories, composing melodies, drawing images, and writing laws and
scriptures? When people think about Chatgpt and other new AI tools, they are often drawn to
examples like school children using AI to write their essays. What will happen to the school
system when kids do that? But this kind of question misses the big picture. Forget about
school essays. Think of the next American presidential race in 2024, and try to imagine the
impact of AI tools that can be made to mass-produce political content, fake-news stories and
scriptures for new cults…
Through its mastery of language, AI could even form
intimate relationships with people, and use the power of intimacy to change our opinions and
worldviews. Although there is no indication that AI has any consciousness or feelings of its
own, to foster fake intimacy with humans it is enough if the AI can make them feel
emotionally attached to it….
What will happen to the course of history when AI
takes over culture, and begins producing stories, melodies, laws and religions? Previous
tools like the printing press and radio helped spread the cultural ideas of humans, but they
never created new cultural ideas of their own. AI is fundamentally different. AI can create
completely new ideas, completely new culture…. Of course, the new power of AI could be used
for good purposes as well. I won't dwell on this, because the people who develop AI talk
about it enough….
We can still regulate the new AI tools, but we must act
quickly. Whereas nukes cannot invent more powerful nukes, AI can make exponentially more
powerful AI.… Unregulated AI deployments would create social chaos, which would benefit
autocrats and ruin democracies. Democracy is a conversation, and conversations rely on
language. When AI hacks language, it could destroy our ability to have meaningful
conversations, thereby destroying democracy….And the first regulation I would suggest is to
make it mandatory for AI to disclose that it is an AI. If I am having a conversation with
someone, and I cannot tell whether it is a human or an AI—that's the end of democracy. This
text has been generated by a human. Or has it?
Question 22 : The author terms language "the operating system of our civilization" for all the following reasons EXCEPT that it
The author says language is "stuff almost all human culture is made of", for it is using
language that we create cultural artefacts like stories, art, laws and scripture. Options 1 and
2 are ruled out.
Further, the author remarks that with its mastery of language, "AI could even form intimate
relationships with people, and use the power of intimacy to change our opinions and worldviews."
So, option 3 is also ruled out.
Consider option 4. AI tools have mastery of language but this does not mean language is the
basis of AI tools like ChatGPT. This is hence the correct answer choice.
The question is "The author terms language "the operating system of our civilization" for all the following reasons EXCEPT that it"
Choice D is the correct answer.
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