IPMAT Question Paper 2022 | IPM Indore Verbal

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>Read the following passage and choose the answer that is closest to each of the questions that are based on the passage.

Bananas, apples, and avocados continue to ripen after they are picked. Cherries, blackberries, and grapes do not. The difference between climacteric fruits (the former) and non-climacteric fruits (the latter) matters to fruit growers and greengrocers, who must make sure their wares are in tip-top condition when they arrive at the marketplace. But how those differences originally came about remains unclear.

Two biologists of the University of Tokyo offer a suggestion. Fruits, they observe, exist to solve a problem faced by all plants-how best to spread their progeny around. Wrapping their seeds in a sugary pulp to provide a tasty meal serves as a way to get animals to do this for them. They do, however, need to make sure that their fruits favour the animals most likely to do the distributing. The biologists propose that climacterism, or its absence, is a way to achieve this. If ground-dwelling animals are the main distributors, then the continuing ripening of fallen fruit (i.e., climacterism) is beneficial. If, by contrast, those distributors are arboreal or aerial, and so can feed on unfallen fruit, then non-climacteric fruits will do well.

To test their idea, the two researchers studied 80 varieties of fruits, and noted which animals each depended on for its propagation. 35 of these fruits, eaten by both ground-dwelling animals and arboreal or aerial animals, were non-climacteric. Further, 15 of the 19 varieties eaten principally by ground-dwellers were climacteric, while 21 of the 26 fed on by arboreal or aerial animals were non-climacteric.

That is a suggestively strong correlation. And the authors' hypothesis is fortified by other evidence. They point out that non-climacteric fruits tend to have vivid colours, especially reds and purples. This may help them to stand out amid the foliage of their parent plants, advertising their presence. Climacteric fruits are generally better camouflaged. That makes them harder to spot until they have fallen to the ground.

The main limitation of their work is that they looked at fruits eaten by people. This has probably contaminated the sample, for thousands of years of selective breeding for traits that human beings find appealing may have blurred any signal optimised by natural selection. The next step, therefore, should be the analysis of wild fruits.

Question 6 : Consider the following two Findings:

(i) Non-climacteric fruits tend to have vivid colours.
(ii) Thirty-six varieties of climacteric and non-climacteric fruits were eaten predominantly either by ground-dwellers, or by arboreal or aerial animals respectively.

According to the passage,

1. Finding (i) provides main evidence and Finding (ii) provides supplementary evidence confirming the hypothesis of the biologists.
2. Both Findings (i) and (ii) provide supplementary evidence confirming the hypothesis of the biologists.
3. Both Findings (i) and (ii) provide main evidence confirming the hypothesis of the biologists.
4. Finding (i) provides supplementary evidence and Finding (ii) provides main evidence confirming the hypothesis of the biologists.

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Video Explanation

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Explanatory Answer

Option 1: This option is incorrect. While the passage includes some medical information (about hormones like leptin and ghrelin), its main purpose is not to provide detailed medical knowledge but to offer general advice.
Option 2: This option is correct. The passage informs and advises the reader about the importance of sleep in maintaining physical and mental well-being. It highlights the consequences of sleep deprivation and provides suggestions for maintaining a healthy sleep routine
Option 3: This option is incorrect. The passage primarily focuses on physical health and lifestyle habits, rather than deep psychological analysis.
Option 4: This option is incorrect. The passage presents scientifically supported facts, not misinformation.

Hence, the answer is 'advise the reader.'

Choice D is the correct answer.

 

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